Aller Verb Conjugation In French

Mastering the Aller Verb Conjugation in French: A Comprehensive Guide

French verb conjugations can seem daunting, especially for beginners. But with consistent practice and a clear understanding of the rules, mastering them becomes achievable. This comprehensive guide focuses on the irregular verb aller (to go), a fundamental verb frequently used in everyday French conversation. We'll explore its conjugation in various tenses, highlighting its unique irregularities and providing ample examples to solidify your understanding. This detailed explanation will help you confidently use aller in your spoken and written French.

Understanding the Irregularity of Aller

Unlike regular French verbs which follow predictable patterns, aller is highly irregular. This means its conjugation doesn't adhere to standard -er, -ir, or -re verb patterns. Memorization is key, but understanding the patterns within the irregularity can make the process easier. We'll break down the conjugation in various tenses, providing clear examples for each.

Present Tense Conjugation of Aller

The present tense ( présent) describes actions happening now or habitual actions. The present tense conjugation of aller is as follows:

Pronoun	Conjugation	Example Sentence	English Translation
Je (I)	vais	Je vais au marché.	I am going to the market.
Tu (You - singular informal)	vas	Tu vas à l'école ?	Are you going to school?
Il/Elle/On (He/She/One)	va	Il va au cinéma.	He is going to the cinema.
Nous (We)	allons	Nous allons au restaurant.	We are going to the restaurant.
Vous (You - singular formal/plural)	allez	Vous allez bien ?	Are you (formal/plural) doing well?
Ils/Elles (They - masculine/feminine)	vont	Ils vont à la plage.	They (masculine) are going to the beach.

Notice the significant departure from a regular -er verb pattern. The stem changes significantly throughout the conjugation. This is characteristic of irregular verbs like aller. Practicing these conjugations with sentences is crucial for retention.

Past Participle and Compound Tenses

The past participle of aller is allé (masculine) and allée (feminine). This is important for forming compound tenses like the passé composé (past perfect) and others.

Passé Composé (Past Perfect)

The passé composé uses the auxiliary verb être (to be) with aller. This is because aller is considered a verb of motion. Therefore, the past participle agrees in gender and number with the subject.

Pronoun	Conjugation	Example Sentence	English Translation
Je (I)	suis allé(e)	Je suis allé au musée. / Je suis allée au musée.	I went to the museum.
Tu (You - singular informal)	es allé(e)	Tu es allé au concert ? / Tu es allée au concert ?	Did you go to the concert?
Il/Elle/On (He/She/One)	est allé(e)	Il est allé à Paris. / Elle est allée à Paris.	He/She went to Paris.
Nous (We)	sommes allés(es)	Nous sommes allés au cinéma. / Nous sommes allées au cinéma.	We went to the cinema.
Vous (You - singular formal/plural)	êtes allé(e)(s)	Vous êtes allé au spectacle ? / Vous êtes allée au spectacle ? / Vous êtes allés au spectacle ? / Vous êtes allées au spectacle ?	Did you go to the show?
Ils/Elles (They - masculine/feminine)	sont allés(es)	Ils sont allés en vacances. / Elles sont allées en vacances.	They went on vacation.

Pay close attention to the agreement of the past participle with the subject pronoun. This is a crucial aspect of French grammar.

Future Tense Conjugation of Aller

The future tense (futur simple) expresses actions that will happen in the future. The future tense of aller is:

Pronoun	Conjugation	Example Sentence	English Translation
Je (I)	irai	J'irai à la bibliothèque.	I will go to the library.
Tu (You - singular informal)	iras	Tu iras au parc demain ?	Will you go to the park tomorrow?
Il/Elle/On (He/She/One)	ira	Il ira au travail.	He will go to work.
Nous (We)	irons	Nous irons au restaurant ce soir.	We will go to the restaurant tonight.
Vous (You - singular formal/plural)	irez	Vous irez au concert avec nous ?	Will you go to the concert with us?
Ils/Elles (They - masculine/feminine)	iront	Ils iront à la montagne.	They will go to the mountains.

Again, note the irregularity. The future tense of aller doesn't follow the standard -ai, -as, -a, -ons, -ez, -ont pattern seen in regular verbs.

Conditional Tense Conjugation of Aller

The conditional tense (conditionnel présent) expresses hypothetical actions or polite requests. Its conjugation is:

Pronoun	Conjugation	Example Sentence	English Translation
Je (I)	irais	J'irais au cinéma si j'avais le temps.	I would go to the cinema if I had the time.
Tu (You - singular informal)	irais	Tu irais à la plage avec nous ?	Would you go to the beach with us?
Il/Elle/On (He/She/One)	irait	Il irait à la réunion s'il le pouvait.	He would go to the meeting if he could.
Nous (We)	irions	Nous irions au restaurant si nous avions assez d'argent.	We would go to the restaurant if we had enough money.
Vous (You - singular formal/plural)	iriez	Vous iriez au musée avec moi ?	Would you go to the museum with me?
Ils/Elles (They - masculine/feminine)	iraient	Ils iraient en voyage s'ils avaient les moyens.	They would go on a trip if they could afford it.

The conditional of aller shares the same stem as the future tense, but with the addition of the conditional endings.

Imperative Mood of Aller

The imperative mood (impératif) is used to give commands or make requests.

Pronoun	Conjugation	Example Sentence	English Translation
Tu (You - singular informal)	Va!	Va au magasin!	Go to the store!
Nous (We)	Allons!	Allons au cinéma!	Let's go to the cinema!
Vous (You - singular formal/plural)	Allez!	Allez-y!	Go ahead!

The imperative of aller is relatively straightforward, mirroring the irregularity found in other tenses.

Other Tenses and Uses of Aller

While the tenses covered above are the most frequently used, aller features in other tenses and expressions:

Plus-que-parfait (Pluperfect): This tense uses the auxiliary être and the past participle allé(e), indicating an action completed before another action in the past. For example: J’étais allé au marché avant de rentrer à la maison (I had gone to the market before returning home).
Passé Antérieur: This tense is less common, used primarily in subordinate clauses following a past tense main clause. It indicates an action completed immediately before another action in the past.
Subjunctive Mood: The subjunctive mood of aller is used in dependent clauses that express a feeling, opinion, or necessity. It’s formed using the present subjunctive of aller, which has its own irregular forms.
Expressions with Aller: Aller is also used in numerous idiomatic expressions: aller chercher (to go and get), aller voir (to go and see), aller bien (to be fine), s'en aller (to go away), aller de mieux en mieux (to get better and better), etc.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q: Is aller always irregular?

A: Yes, aller is an entirely irregular verb in French. Its conjugations don't follow the rules of regular -er, -ir, or -re verbs.

Q: How can I remember the conjugations of aller?

A: Consistent practice is key. Use flashcards, write sentences, and try incorporating the verb into your everyday French conversations. Focus on understanding the patterns within the irregularities rather than rote memorization.

Q: What's the difference between je vais and j'irai?

A: Je vais is the present tense ("I am going"), while j'irai is the future tense ("I will go").

Q: Why does the past participle of aller agree with the subject?

A: Because aller is a verb of motion, it uses the auxiliary verb être (to be) in compound tenses, and the past participle must agree in gender and number with the subject.

Q: Are there any helpful resources to practice aller conjugation?

A: Many online resources, French textbooks, and language learning apps offer interactive exercises and quizzes to practice verb conjugations, including aller. Focus on those that provide contextualized examples and ample opportunity for practice.

Conclusion

Mastering the aller verb conjugation is a significant step in advancing your French language skills. While its irregularity might seem challenging initially, consistent study and practice will solidify your understanding. By breaking down the conjugation in each tense and understanding the nuances of its use, you'll confidently use this crucial verb in various contexts, enriching your French communication. Remember to focus on understanding the patterns within the irregularity and to supplement memorization with practical application through sentence construction and conversation. With dedication and effort, fluency with aller will become second nature.